人文科学研究所 公開講演会のお知らせ(テーマ:発達における顔知覚の種特異性について)
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◆テーマ:発達における顔知覚の種特異性について
From birth, infants need to extract relevant information from a complex world. One hypothesis about how infants categorize and process stimuli is that early mechanisms, which have evolved from our ancestral history, predispose us to attend to human faces at birth and develop with visual experience to learn about conspecifics. Some argue in favor of an early preference for human faces due to an attraction toward human eyes. Indeed, the human eye is unique and particular as compared to non-human primates and other animals; it is composed of a widely exposed white sclera, paler than the facial skin and iris (Kobayashi, & Kohshima, 1997). I am going to present 2 studies that aimed to investigate the importance and attraction for human eyes in newborns and older infants and determine when it appears during the first year of life. In the first study we used an eye tracking system to determine infants’ preference for human face. In the second, to avoid interference from the overall structure of the human face, we created stimuli that differed only by the presence versus absence of human eyes. We inserted human eyes into non-human primate faces (chimpanzees and Barbarian macaques), which have the advantage of having a structure similar to human faces, but with eyes without sclera.
In a preferential looking time paradigm, newborns, 3-, 6-, and 9-month-olds were simultaneously presented with two non-human primate faces that differed only by the eyes.
Infants from 6 months of age preferred the stimuli with human eyes. No preference was observed before that age despite non-human primate faces with human eyes having more contrast in the eye region. Our results suggest that visual expertise for human eyes is not present at birth, but seems to emerge later in development when more visual experience with conspecifics has occurred.
◆講 師:Pascalis, Olivier 氏(ピエール・マンデス大学教授)
◆講演言語:英語 通訳:なし
◆企 画:人文科学研究所 研究会チーム「視覚と認知の発達」