公開講演会のお知らせ
人文科学研究所主催の公開講演会を開催いたします。
大学院生・学生の参加も歓迎いたしますので、お誘いあわせの上、ご参加いただければ幸いです。(人文科学研究所)
◆講 師:デヤン,トドロヴィッチ氏(Belgrade大学准教授)
◆講演言語:英語(通訳はありません)
◆共 催:立命館大学
◆企 画:人文科学研究所 研究会チーム「視覚と認知の発達」
◆テーマ: 様々な視点から絵を観察することの効果
When observers look at the same picture from different locations, their impressions of three-dimensional spatial directions depicted in the image may be different. Such vantage point effects can be strong and dramatic, but are usually overlooked, because people are not used to attend to them. However, they can be readily noticed in large images in museums, churches, and advertising billboards, if the observer deliberately moves in front of these displays and pays attention to the structure of the depicted scenes. Two classes of vantage point effects will be illustrated and discussed. One class, the ‘3D slant effects’, involves perception of 3D orientation of elongated structures, such as roads, pillars, terraces etc. An example is the ’egocentric road effect’, in which a depicted road is perceived to be directed at the observer regardless of where the observer is located; that is, the road in the picture can appear to change its direction for 90 degrees or more when the observer moves. The second class are the ‘gaze effects’, which involve the perceived direction of gaze of portraits. For example, in the ‘Mona Lisa effect’, a portrait hanging on the wall, which is perceived to direct its gaze at the observer, will continue to do so almost wherever the observer is located; that is, the portrait will appear to ‘follow’ observers with its gaze as they move across the room. Experiments addressing the slant and gaze effects will be reported. The standard ‘dynamic’ explanation of these effects, which postulates that they are based on inferences of observers as they move in front of the image, is easily shown to be inadequate, because the effects are present for stationary observers as well. Instead, a ‘static’ approach to these effects will be proposed, based on interpretations of observer-relative spatial direction cues in images. For the 3D slant effects these cues involve features of linear perspective. For the gaze effects they involve not just the location of the iris within the sclera of the eye (which is often thought to be the only gaze direction cue), but also the perceived orientation of the head of the portrait with respect to the observer.